Which term refers to the system where national and state governments share powers?

• A. Unitarianism
• B. Federalism
• C. Confederation
• D. Theocracy

Answer: (B)

Power sharing between national and state governments is described by federalism. In a federal system, both levels have constitutional authority and can make laws in their own areas, with powers divided rather than concentrated in a single central government. This contrasts with a unitary system where most power rests with a central government, a confederation where states keep most sovereignty and the central authority is weak, and a theocracy where religious leaders govern. In countries like Australia, the constitution sets out which powers belong to the national government and which belong to the states, allowing both levels to operate and address different issues. So the term that fits this description is federalism.